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Are you fascinated with anatomy, or looking to take your drawing skills to the next level? Drawing realistic anatomy can be a challenge. To draw the internal structure of a human heart, follow the steps below.
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This article was co-authored by Staff. Our trained team of editors and researchers validate articles for accuracy and comprehensiveness. 's Content Management Team carefully monitors the work from our editorial staff to ensure that each article is backed by trusted research and meets our high quality standards. This article has been viewed 213, 903 times.
To draw the internal structure of the heart, start by sketching the 2 pulmonary veins to the lower left of the aorta and the bottom of the inferior vena cava slightly to the right of that. Then, fill in the base of the heart with the right and left ventricles and the right and left atriums. Once you have the basic outline of the heart sketched out, use an existing diagram to help you fill in the additional veins and muscles, like the mitral and aortic valves. After you’ve drawn the structure, color the different sections of the heart distinct colors and appropriately label them. Make sure to write “The Human Heart” above your drawing as a title when you’re finished. For more help, like including how to give your drawing more details, read on.In humans, the heart is approximately the size of a closed fist and is located betwe the lungs, in the middle compartmt of the chest, called the mediastinum.
In humans, other mammals, and birds, the heart is divided into four chambers: upper left and right atria and lower left and right vtricles.
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The heart is closed in a protective sac, the pericardium, which also contains a small amount of fluid. The wall of the heart is made up of three layers: epicardium, myocardium, and docardium.
The heart pumps blood with a rhythm determined by a group of pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node. These gerate a currt that causes the heart to contract, traveling through the atriovtricular node and along the conduction system of the heart. In humans, deoxygated blood ters the heart through the right atrium from the superior and inferior vae cavae and passes it to the right vtricle. From here it is pumped into pulmonary circulation to the lungs, where it receives oxyg and gives off carbon dioxide. Oxygated blood th returns to the left atrium, passes through the left vtricle and is pumped out through the aorta into systemic circulation, traveling through arteries, arterioles, and capillaries—where nutrits and other substances are exchanged betwe blood vessels and cells, losing oxyg and gaining carbon dioxide—before being returned to the heart through vules and veins.
Cardiovascular diseases do not frequtly have symptoms but may cause chest pain or shortness of breath. Diagnosis of heart disease is oft done by the taking of a medical history, listing to the heart-sounds with a stethoscope, as well as with ECG, echocardiogram, and ultrasound.
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The human heart is situated in the mediastinum, at the level of thoracic vertebrae T5-T8. A double-membraned sac called the pericardium surrounds the heart and attaches to the mediastinum.
The back surface of the heart lies near the vertebral column, and the front surface known as the sternocostal surface sits behind the sternum and rib cartilages.
The upper part of the heart is the attachmt point for several large blood vessels—the vae cavae, aorta and pulmonary trunk. The upper part of the heart is located at the level of the third costal cartilage.
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The lower tip of the heart, the apex, lies to the left of the sternum (8 to 9 cm from the midsternal line) betwe the junction of the fourth and fifth ribs near their articulation with the costal cartilages.
The largest part of the heart is usually slightly offset to the left side of the chest (though occasionally it may be offset to the right) and is felt to be on the left because the left heart is stronger and larger, since it pumps to all body parts. Because the heart is betwe the lungs, the left lung is smaller than the right lung and has a cardiac notch in its border to accommodate the heart.
The heart is oft described as the size of a fist: 12 cm (5 in) in lgth, 8 cm (3.5 in) wide, and 6 cm (2.5 in) in thickness,
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Well-trained athletes can have much larger hearts due to the effects of exercise on the heart muscle, similar to the response of skeletal muscle.
The heart has four chambers, two upper atria, the receiving chambers, and two lower vtricles, the discharging chambers. The atria op into the vtricles via the atriovtricular valves, prest in the atriovtricular septum. This distinction is visible also on the surface of the heart as the coronary sulcus.
There is an ear-shaped structure in the upper right atrium called the right atrial appdage, or auricle, and another in the upper left atrium, the left atrial appdage.
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The right atrium and the right vtricle together are sometimes referred to as the right heart. Similarly, the left atrium and the left vtricle together are sometimes referred to as the left heart.
The vtricles are separated from each other by the intervtricular septum, visible on the surface of the heart as the anterior longitudinal sulcus and the posterior intervtricular sulcus.
The fibrous cardiac skeleton gives structure to the heart. It forms the atriovtricular septum, which separates the atria from the vtricles, and the fibrous rings, which serve as bases for the four heart valves.
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The cardiac skeleton also provides an important boundary in the heart's electrical conduction system since collag cannot conduct electricity. The interatrial septum separates the atria, and the intervtricular septum separates the vtricles.
Frontal section showing papillary muscles attached to the tricuspid valve on the right and to the mitral valve on the left via chordae tdineae.
The heart has four valves, which separate its chambers. One valve lies betwe each atrium and vtricle, and one valve rests at the exit of each vtricle.
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The valves betwe the atria and vtricles are called the atriovtricular valves. Betwe the right atrium and the right vtricle is the tricuspid valve. The tricuspid valve has three cusps,
The mitral valve lies betwe the left atrium and left vtricle. It is also known as the bicuspid valve due to its having two cusps, an anterior and a posterior cusp. These cusps are also attached via chordae tdinae to two papillary muscles projecting from the vtricular wall.
The papillary muscles extd from the walls of the heart to valves by cartilaginous connections called chordae tdinae. These muscles prevt the valves from falling too far back wh they close.
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During the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle, the papillary muscles are also relaxed and the tsion on the chordae tdineae is slight. As the heart chambers contract, so do the papillary muscles. This creates tsion on the chordae tdineae, helping to hold the cusps of the atriovtricular valves in place and prevting them from being blown back into the atria.
Two additional semilunar valves sit at the exit of each of the vtricles. The pulmonary valve is located at the base of the pulmonary artery. This has three cusps which are not attached to any papillary muscles. Wh the vtricle relaxes blood flows back into the vtricle from the artery and this flow of blood fills the pocket-like valve, pressing against the cusps which close to seal the valve. The semilunar aortic valve is at the base of the aorta and also is not attached to papillary muscles. This too has three cusps which close with the pressure of the blood flowing back from the aorta.
The right atrium receives blood almost continuously from the body's two major veins, the superior and inferior vae cavae. A small amount of blood from the coronary circulation also drains into the right atrium via the coronary sinus, which is immediately above and to the middle of the oping of the inferior va cava.
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In the wall of the right atrium is an oval-shaped depression known as the fossa ovalis, which is a remnant of an oping in the fetal heart known as the foram ovale.
Most of the internal surface of the right atrium is smooth, the depression of the fossa ovalis is medial, and the anterior surface has promint ridges of pectinate muscles, which are also prest in the right atrial appdage.
The walls of the right vtricle are lined with trabeculae carneae, ridges of cardiac muscle covered by docardium. In addition to these muscular ridges, a band of cardiac muscle, also covered by docardium, known as the moderator band reinforces the thin walls of the right vtricle and plays
